Polygamous has other senses besides the one meaning "having a plurality of husbands or wives"; it can mean "bearing both hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same plant" and, in zoology, "having more than one mate at the same time."

Polyglot has multiple applications. It can refer to "one who speaks or writes many languages"; "a mixture or confusion of languages or nomenclatures"; or, when capitalized, to "a book containing versions of the same text in several languages arranged for comparison, usually in several columns."

Polygraph can mean lie detector and (no lie) it can mean "a voluminous or versatile writer" and "a cluster of two or more successive letters in cryptography."

Polycentric means both "having many centers"; it also has specific scientific applications. However, polycentrism refers to "the existence of a plurality of centers of Communist thought and leadership."

Polychresty refers broadly to "a thing that has many uses" and specifically to polychrest, a drug medicine of value as a remedy in several diseases.

Polylemma names an argument analogous to a dilemma in which many (as in, more than three) alternatives are presented in the major premise.